【高中英语语法复习主谓一致讲义+练习含答案(文档全文免费预览)】在高中英语学习中,主谓一致是语法基础中的重要知识点之一。它不仅影响句子的正确性,还关系到语言表达的自然流畅。掌握好主谓一致规则,有助于提高写作和阅读理解能力。
一、什么是主谓一致?
主谓一致是指句子中的主语和谓语动词在人称和数上保持一致。也就是说,如果主语是单数形式,谓语动词也要用单数形式;如果是复数形式,则要用复数形式。
例如:
- He is a teacher.(他是一位老师。)
- They are students.(他们是学生。)
二、常见的主谓一致规则
1. 单数主语 + 单数动词
- The student is reading a book.(这个学生正在读书。)
- My friend has a car.(我的朋友有一辆车。)
2. 复数主语 + 复数动词
- The students are studying for the exam.(学生们正在为考试学习。)
- We have many books.(我们有很多书。)
3. 不可数名词作主语时,动词用单数形式
- Water is important for life.(水对生命很重要。)
- Information is useful.(信息是有用的。)
4. 集合名词作主语时,根据意思决定动词形式
- The team is winning.(这支队伍正在赢。——强调整体)
- The team are arguing.(这支队伍在争吵。——强调个体)
常见集合名词如:group, family, class, public, army 等。
5. “Either...or” 和 “neither...nor” 结构中,动词由最近的主语决定
- Either the teacher or the students are responsible.(要么老师,要么学生要负责。)
- Neither the students nor the teacher is to blame.(既不是学生也不是老师该受责备。)
6. “There be” 句型中,be 动词由后面的主语决定
- There is a book on the table.(桌子上有一本书。)
- There are some apples in the basket.(篮子里有一些苹果。)
7. “A number of” 表示“许多”,后面接复数名词,动词用复数形式
- A number of people are waiting outside.(许多人正在外面等待。)
而 “The number of” 后接复数名词,动词用单数形式
- The number of students is increasing.(学生的数量在增加。)
三、易错点与常见错误
| 错误例句 | 正确例句 | 原因 |
|----------|----------|------|
| The news are interesting. | The news is interesting. | “news” 是不可数名词,用单数动词 |
| The group are going to the park. | The group is going to the park. | 强调整体,用单数 |
| Neither he nor I am right. | Neither he nor I am right. | 当主语为“he or I”时,动词随最近的主语变化,但“neither...nor”结构中,动词通常与最近的主语一致 |
四、练习题(附答案)
一、选择正确的动词形式:
1. The list of names _______ on the board.
A. is written
B. are written
C. write
D. writes
2. Either the teacher or the students _______ responsible.
A. is
B. are
C. was
D. were
3. A number of people _______ interested in the event.
A. is
B. are
C. was
D. were
4. The police _______ at the scene of the accident.
A. is
B. are
C. was
D. were
5. Neither the manager nor the workers _______ been informed.
A. has
B. have
C. had
D. having
二、改错题:
1. The data are very important.
→ The data is very important. (“data” 作为不可数名词时,用单数动词)
2. The committee are meeting today.
→ The committee is meeting today. (“committee” 作为整体时,用单数动词)
3. Either you or I are wrong.
→ Either you or I am wrong. (“either...or”结构中,动词随最近的主语变化)
五、参考答案
一、选择题答案:
1. A
2. B
3. B
4. B
5. A
二、改错题答案:
1. is
2. is
3. am
通过系统地学习和练习主谓一致规则,同学们可以有效避免在写作和考试中出现语法错误。希望这份讲义和练习能帮助大家更好地掌握这一重要语法点!