【初中英语语法专题讲解初中语法定语从句】在初中英语学习中,定语从句是一个非常重要的语法知识点。它不仅在阅读理解中频繁出现,而且在写作和口语表达中也起着关键作用。掌握好定语从句,有助于我们更准确地表达复杂的意思,使语言更加丰富和地道。
一、什么是定语从句?
定语从句是用来修饰名词或代词的从句,它通常由关系代词或关系副词引导。被修饰的名词或代词叫做“先行词”,而从句则用来对这个先行词进行进一步说明。
例如:
- The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting.
(我昨天买的那本书很有趣。)
在这个句子中,“that I bought yesterday”就是一个定语从句,用来修饰“the book”。
二、常见的关系代词和关系副词
1. 关系代词:
- that:可以指人也可以指物
- which:只指物
- who/whom:指人(who作主语,whom作宾语)
- whose:表示所属关系
2. 关系副词:
- where:表示地点
- when:表示时间
- why:表示原因
三、定语从句的用法与结构
1. 当先行词是物时,常用 which 或 that
- The car which/that is parked outside is mine.
(停在外面的那辆车是我的。)
2. 当先行词是人时,常用 who 或 that
- The girl who is standing there is my sister.
(站在那儿的女孩是我的妹妹。)
3. 当先行词是人或物,且在从句中作宾语时,可用 whom 或 that
- The man whom I saw is a doctor.
(我看到的那个人是医生。)
(也可说:The man that I saw is a doctor.)
4. 当先行词是物,并且在从句中表示所属关系时,用 whose
- The boy whose father is a teacher is my classmate.
(他父亲是老师的那个男孩是我的同学。)
5. 关系副词引导的定语从句
- The place where we met is very special.
(我们相遇的地方非常特别。)
- The time when we arrived was very late.
(我们到达的时间很晚。)
四、定语从句的省略规则
在某些情况下,关系代词可以省略,尤其是当它在从句中作宾语时:
- The book (that) I read is very interesting.
(我读过的那本书很有趣。)
但注意:如果关系代词在从句中作主语,则不能省略:
- The person who called me is my teacher.
(给我打电话的人是我的老师。)
五、常见错误与注意事项
1. 混淆 who 和 whom:
- 正确:The man whom I saw is my uncle.
- 错误:The man who I saw is my uncle.(虽然口语中常这样用,但在正式写作中应使用 whom)
2. 关系词的选择错误:
- 正确:The house which is old is beautiful.
- 错误:The house that is old is beautiful.(其实 both are correct, but "which" 更正式)
3. 忽略定语从句的逻辑关系:
定语从句必须与先行词有明确的逻辑联系,否则会让人误解。
六、练习与巩固
1. The man _______ is talking to the teacher is my father.
A. who
B. which
C. whom
D. that
2. The city _______ I was born is very beautiful.
A. where
B. when
C. why
D. which
3. The book _______ I borrowed from the library is very interesting.
A. that
B. which
C. who
D. whose
通过不断练习和积累,定语从句的学习将会变得越来越轻松。希望同学们能够认真掌握这一语法点,为今后的英语学习打下坚实的基础。