在大学英语四六级考试中，图表式作文是常见的题型之一。这类作文要求考生根据所给的图表数据进行分析、总结，并表达自己的观点或看法。掌握一套实用的写作模板，有助于提高写作效率和内容质量。
一、图表式作文的基本结构
一般来说，图表式作文可以分为以下几个部分：
1. 引言段（Introduction）
简要介绍图表的内容，说明图表所反映的主要问题或趋势。
2. 主体段（Body Paragraphs）
分析图表中的关键数据，指出变化趋势、对比关系等，并解释可能的原因或影响。
3. 结论段（Conclusion）
总结图表所反映的问题，提出自己的看法或建议。
二、常用句型与表达
引言段常用句型：
- The chart shows the changes in... over a certain period of time.
- As is shown in the graph, there is a significant increase/decrease in...
- According to the data presented in the table, the number of... has risen/fallen sharply.
主体段常用句型：
- There is a clear trend that... has increased from... to...
- The percentage of... reached its peak in...
- Compared with..., the figure for... is much higher/lower.
- This may be due to the fact that...
结论段常用句型：
- In conclusion, it is clear that...
- From the above analysis, we can see that...
- It is important to take measures to address this issue.
三、写作步骤建议
1. 仔细阅读题目要求：明确图表类型（如柱状图、饼图、折线图等），了解数据的时间范围和主题。
2. 提取关键信息：找出图表中的主要数据变化、最大值、最小值以及趋势走向。
3. 组织语言结构：按照“引言—主体—结论”的逻辑顺序展开内容。
4. 注意语法和用词：避免重复使用相同的词汇，适当使用高级表达提升文章档次。
5. 检查是否符合字数要求：确保文章长度适中，内容完整。
四、范文参考
题目： The following chart shows the number of people who use different modes of transportation in a city between 2010 and 2020.
范文：
The chart illustrates the changes in the number of people using various means of transport in a city from 2010 to 2020. It is obvious that the use of private cars has increased significantly, while the number of people taking public transportation has decreased slightly.
In 2010, about 40% of the population used public transport, but by 2020, this figure dropped to around 30%. On the other hand, the percentage of car users rose from 25% to 50% during the same period. This may be attributed to the growing popularity of private vehicles and the lack of investment in public transport systems.
In conclusion, the increasing reliance on personal cars could lead to more traffic congestion and environmental problems. Therefore, the government should take steps to improve public transport and encourage eco-friendly travel options.
五、注意事项
- 避免照搬模板句式，尽量用自己的话表达。
- 注意图表细节，不要遗漏重要数据。
- 写作时保持逻辑清晰，段落分明。
- 多练习不同类型的图表作文，提高应变能力。
通过掌握以上写作模板和技巧，考生可以在四六级考试中更自信地应对图表式作文题目，写出结构合理、内容充实的高分作文。
